Showing posts with label culture. Show all posts
Showing posts with label culture. Show all posts

Tracking Shimron: Part 1

Listen to me recount my recent travels around the Islands of Japan, in the hopes that I may inspire your own journey around those beautiful islands, and dispel the common myth that travelling in Japan is expensive.


On the 14th day of the Eight month, of the year 2013, I left for Haneda via LCCT. I arrived in Haneda at 2330hrs, just 30 minutes before public transport goes out of service. I was told to meet my old friend Nadia at her friend, Pipé's place. I had never met Pipé in my life and I had no idea where exactly he stayed except that he stayed in an area called Tōgoshi. Racing agaisnt time I struggled to make my way to Gotanda station from where I was supposed to be able to transit to a Tōgoshi-Ginza station, which I really hoped was the right station.

From Tōgoshi-Ginza, I scoured the streets for a payphone, and thankfully managed to find one. After a call to Pipé and securing his address, I walked through the very silent town of Tōgoshi. With no lights to illumine my steps, save the soft glow of the humming vending machines, I wandered farther. Along the way, I managed to get directions from a lady who walked with me as far as she could to my destination. People are far friendlier when they find out that you're a foreign tourist who speaks Japanese. Finally, I made it to Pipé's place, with the humidity of the summer air clinging to me like a film of cling-wrap. His air-conditioned abode, small as it was, was a welcome respite.


The next morning, I took a walk around the town to kill time before Nadia was to arrive. Tōgoshi as it turns out, are several small housing areas clustered around what the Japanese call shotengai, or shopping streets. I don't think there are any inns or traveller's lodges to stay around the area, given it's nature. Transport in and out of here by train isn't very worth it either, especially if you're using the JR rail pass as the line here is a private one. Despite that, it is a nice place to stay, with lots of hidden gems to discover.

For one, the park about 15mins walk from Tōgoshi-Koen station is a nice place for photographs and a nice lunch on the bench as you watch the old folk feed the pigeons. Another spot would be a relatively large Jizo shrine, which from the looks of the bleached wooden structure, must be at least a decade old.




After Nadia joined us, we went to meet up with another friend, Nina. Nina was an old friend from my year back at Hachioji High School, who is now studying in Japan. We rendezvoused at Shinagawa station, and walked around, looking for lunch and shade from the blazing summer sun. We ended up in a small Indian restaurant, tucked away in a bar complex. Yes, you heard me right. A bar complex. An entire floor, all bars. Since it was still midday, none of them were open save the Indian eatery and its sister restaurants. Devi Dhaba is manned by two staff, the chef (from Bangalore) and one waiter (from Pakistan).




The food at Devi Dhaba is quite authentic, coming from a Malaysian (though I quite suspect our Indian food here might have altered a little as well). My only gripe is with the price - RM30 for one thosai masala. Then again, with Indian food sharing the same prestige Japanese food does here in Malaysia, it is understandable, but outrageous nonetheless for a guy who has grown up with RM3 thosai masalas.

Later that night, another South American joined us at Pipé's room, which was quickly turning into a lodge. Valentina, or Balen, as we called her, is a student from Chile, as Pipé was. On summer holiday, she was in Tokyo and decided to drop by to visit as she knew both Nadia and Pipé.

Nightfall at Pipé's place is like a traveller's fireside. Home country politics, delicacies, and life stories are exchanged. I was then introduced to a ubiquitous drink called Yerba Maté, a drink made by infusing ground leaves and twigs from the yerba maté plant in a maté (the gourd from which the you drink from), and you slurp it through a metal straw called the bombilla (which I suspect is related to the Malay word for fire brigade, bomba, which is actually the Portuguese name for the straw). It has a mildly bitter taste, unlike that of coffee or tea, and has a lovely fragrance to it. The drink is traditionally shared from the same maté and bombilla. Hehe. I can already think of a few people who would shy from this drink.

Nightfall at Pipé's place. What you see here is our sleeping space.

Yerba Maté, Maté, and bombilla
Let me digress a little here to tell you all about the JR rail pass. This is a rail pass you can only purchase outside Japan, and can be used to ride on all JR modes of transport, ferry included. The fee is quite a hefty sum, RM2000 for 21 days (there are cheaper packages for less days), but I can tell you, if you're moving around a lot, especially by shinkansen, it will be worth it. You can find the agents here. The one I purchased my pass at was the J-Horizon's travel agency office at the Weld, Jalan Raja Chulan.

You exchange the coupon they give you at designated counters in Japan for this, which you flash at the station masters.
Now back to the story.

Several days later, it was Nadia's birthday, and she decided to throw a party. And by throw, she meant pay your own. hahaha. We met up with a group of her classmates and old friends from AFS by the Hachiko statue at Shibuya, and proceeded to a Thai dinner at the Shower Lounge. Up to this point, I am finding it very ironic that I fly 8 hours to Japan only to see food I have left behind. haha.


Half way through dinner, the stage which we could see from the window of our private room started to light up. Turns out this lounge has pole dance performances twice a night. Quite unlike what one would picture pole dancing to be from American media, the Japanese version keeps it quite clean. A little risqué, but no nudity and dirty old men stuffing dollar notes down thongs.

Another interesting cultural phenomenon I managed to obeserve during our dinner at the Shower Lounge was what they call 合コン (gōkon), or better known to us as a group blind date. A group of young men filed in to the lounge and sat on one side of the table. Immediately the girls on our table got really excited, knowing what would conspire. The poor men were left waiting for a good 30-45mins before the girls finally showed up, and even then, 2 guys had to go with out a partner till a good while later when the last two girls came gliding in.

Turns out, there will be a leader on the men's side and on the women's side too. The both of them are usually friends, whilst the rest of the group may or may not know each other. It is the duty of the leaders to keep the atmosphere up for the whole length of the date. Some of girls at our table lamented about how it is never fun to be the leader.


After dinner, the South Americans wanted karaoke, but since most of the group had to leave, a small group of us went. I think I was the only non-South American. Not a fan of large crowds, I have to say I enjoyed the karaoke sessions better.


The next day, I took a trip to Hachioji to meet up with two old classmates. It is quite a pity that since most of them have started working, it is insanely hard to anybody to meet up. Some of them don't even keep in touch with their classmates. Ah well... It's not to say I'm not guilty for not keeping in touch with my high school friends either. One of the friends I met up with works in a sushi restaurant, so that's where we met for lunch. Her boss was at counter duty, so we got served a whole load of interesting dishes on the house, none of which I was allowed to pay for.

More to come...

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Women: To Cover or To Uncover?

"I think that groping, raping is definitely unacceptable given that our society protect autonomy of body.

However, I don't think it is fine that women is allowed to dress in whichever way they want at any place. The way a person conduct him/herself has influence over others. It is not ok if a person come into a room screaming. Given that sexual desire is stronger than men than in women, it is natural for a man to stare/have imagination seeing a woman of skimpy clothes. I don't think it is a crime or even something bad. On the other hand, why should a woman have the right to block my sight or stop the wandering of my mind? In this context, what should a woman expect wearing this kind of outfit? Either she is too stupid not seeing the consequences or she is fine with/ like guys fantasizing about her bodies.

Someone might want to cite gender equality, but this is a flawed argument. Gender equality only applies where biological difference is irrelevant. Here biological difference IS relevant.

So I believe it is ok to stare, fantasize or call the woman a slut." - Taken from NUS Confessions.

Reactions to that quote:

"In essence, that's just saying- 'I cannot be bothered to control my perversion because its in my hormones and karyotype and a male, so females should know that and learn to be more appropriate'. Whoever wrote that, is a bigoted fool." - Anabalagan
"This idiot thinks that all women dress only for others...it's like blaming jewelery shops for tempting robbers and thieves because they are openly displaying their products..." - Ting
"A gentleman knows how to control himself.
A plebeian with self-justification is still a plebeian." - Abe

I find arguments like this fascinating, because it hints that the rabbit hole goes far deeper than we usually think it is.

Our modern culture sells a highly sexualised image of what a woman should be like. To be accepted, women have to dress a certain way, act a certain way. This phenomenon is so compelling, that even 13y/o are pressured to perform sexually. Notwithstanding, our current culture also justifies promiscuity in men. How successful a young man is, is measured by how many women he has slept with, with or against their will.

In the context of such a culture, arguments like this make a huge assumption - that both men and women alike are inherently good and selfless.It assumes that men are completely capable of being in control of their desires at all times, and that women do not dress to win in a highly sexualised culture. This beast bites both ways.

Men, we should be in control of our desires. And we must, because women are of immense value too, not an object used to merely fulfill our sexual fantasies.Yet we must not be too quick to blow the trumpet of self-control whilst we are still using pornography, or changing girlfriends like underwear. This will be a tough fight, as fights against cultures go, but it is one that we must win.

Women, the intention is never to be legalistic by dictating what you should wear or what you shouldn't. Stop for a while and think. Why should you buy into a culture that objectifies your sexuality? Even if you win in this culture, you still lose.

[Note: All quotes are in italic, and I do not endorse any of the author's opinions. The quotes are here to provide a context to my thoughts.]

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Children of Wrath, Like Literally

Once, there was this pastor visiting this church I used to attend in the early days of my university life. During his sermon, he made this statement: 'Children are sinful too!' At that point, I assumed that everybody there understood and agreed with the pastor. After all, everyone was guilty of rejecting the kingship of a God who had created this world, whether adult or child, and are under judgement for said rebellion; and this rebellion shows itself in many ways, but most of the time, it is about wanting ourselves to be the centre of the universe, whether it is in relationships with God, with other people, or even with the natural world around us. It was later that week, while I was talking to a girl from the same congregation about the sermon, where she told me in a very hurt tone, that she "couldn't believe that children were sinful". At that time I didn't say anything. I had no idea what children were like.

Today, almost four years down the road, with roughly the same amount of working experience with children, I think if I ever get the chance to relive that conversation, I would tell the girl that she obviously had never had to look after children for more than a quarter of an hour. In my three years with children even as young as six months, I have witnessed jealousy, rage, selfishness, self-righteousness, and manipulation. Although undeniably, they do have a great capacity for kind deeds, and the gift of a short memory for grievances, one can hardly say that they are the innocent, chubby angels from above. After all, like they say, we just only get better at hiding it when we grow up.

As I recount my experiences with children over the past three years, I am reminded of this article I read somewhere. Probably on the Gospel Coalition. Regardless, it was about Gospel centred parenting, where children need the Gospel as much as the adults. After all, do we not have a high priest who once was the infant in a manger, and the child at the temple? As much as he identifies with adult struggles with sin, he also identifies with the struggles of children with sin. In realising this, my heart is once again burdened with how I can share the good news of Jesus with these children, and I despair at the shortness of my arm. For how then will they call on him in whom they have not believed? And how are they to believe in him of whom they have never heard?And how are they to hear without someone preaching? And how are they to preach unless they are sent? Though the harvest is plentiful, the workers are few and overworked.

So, if you are thinking about areas of ministry you would like to help out with, let me encourage you to have children's ministry be one of them. No, it is and has never been limited to women only. In fact, the young boys would benefit lots from having a male figure setting an example. 

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How Big is Your God?

"Thank you God for helping me find parking!"

On passing a test, "God is great!"

"If I get through this, all glory to You!"

"My washing machine broke down, and I prayed, and it started back up right away! God is so good!"

Comments like these does tend to pop up on my Facebook newsfeed, and I do overhear them in conversations. Don't get me wrong; I don't think there's anything wrong in thanking God for even the small things in life; we should. After all, Malaysian parking is so rare, they might as well call it an urban legend. I mean, after all, exams are so major - they define where you go and what you do for the rest of your life. My concern is just this: if the small things are all we thank God for and ask God for, aren't we turning Him into our personal secretary whose sole reason of existence is to solve problems for us? Aren't we making God a little too small than He actually is? Aren't we conveniently forgetting the Big Thing too?

So you didn't find parking. Is God less kind? So let's just say you failed your exam, or botched that crucial presentation. Is God less great? You didn't get through that rough spot in life as unaffected as you would like to. Does God get less glory? Your washing machine caught fire instead. Is God less good?

God is kind, great, and glorified, not because He solved your parking woes, or helped you through your exam. He is kind, great, and glorified because He himself, the God of Justice, became man so that he could bear his own terms of punishment for our rebellion against him, so that whomever trusted in His work of redemption on the cross didn't have to suffer that punishment, be declared right and gain adoption into His family. And all this the Father did, ultimately not for us, but for his Son, for their own glory, for
 'He is the image of the invisible God, the first born of all creation. For by him all things were created, in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities—all things were created through him and for him. And he is before all things, and in him all things hold together.' 
(Col 1:15-17) 
We merely are but enjoying fringe benefits of the Father's love towards the Son.

When Paul writes to the church in Philippi, he writes to a church under severe persecution. Yet he tells them: 'rejoice in the Lord always; again I will say, rejoice. Let your reasonableness be known to everyone. The Lord is at hand; do not be anxious about anything, but in everything by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known to God. And the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus.' (Phil 4:4-7) The reason Paul can so boldly tell them this is because they know that they've got the Big Problem settled - their impending judgement and eternal punishment for rebelling against the Ruler of the Universe has been dealt with. Therefore, even if they die in the most excruciating way possible (the Roman soldiers of the day were pretty good at that), they can rejoice and give thanks. 

So, keeping that in mind, let's give thanks, both for the small things, and the Big Thing, with the Big Thing informing how we give thanks and pray for the small things.

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My Indictment to My Generation and the Ones to Come

My beloved peers, and juniors,

I write this to you as a reminder and as an encouragement, to see what we have lost, to realise how far we have fallen. To then get up, and together, head towards the light.

We as a people, have become foreign to laying out premises, and become strangers to sound arguments based on logic. Having invested so much emotion and energy into our beliefs, we have become overly protective of them, hardening our ears and minds to the joy of sound debate. Instead, we have dismissed debates and arguments as 'divisive', and have secured our fragile beliefs as 'taboo' or 'sensitive'. Any attempt to debate merely crumbles into base mudslinging. We have, with increasing measure, turned in and gazed inwardly at ourselves. In doing so, we have while mouthing sweet phrases such as 'diversity' and 'tolerance', have become monsters of our own making - blind, and unable to see beyond our own bellybutton. We have scorned the efforts of those who have dedicated years of learning to a subject matter, insisting with all insolence that our 'expert' opinions are of the same weight and authority. We all have rejected all authority and sense with clever words like 'who are you to judge me?!', and made ourselves the sole authority and judge over everyone else. Yet we pause not to think of the consequences of having so many authorities, all 'wrong', yet all 'right' at the same time. Dark days are here, where everyone will do what is right in their own sight.

Listen to Sophia. She is crying out in the streets, in the marketplace she raises her voice. At the head of the noisy streets she cries out, at the entrance of the city gates she speaks:

"O, how long, simpletons, will you love being simple minded?
How long will the mockers revel in their mocking?
How long will you fools hate knowledge?
Come and listen to my counsel and I will make you wise."

Let us gird ourselves, my brothers and sisters. Gird ourselves with a brave heart, and a love for truth. Be brave and challenge the ideas you hold dearly with logical debate as the Ancient Greeks were so fond of doing. Be even braver still to admit that you could very well be wrong, or that you be found lacking, and your belief found ridiculous at the end of a good debate. Pride yourselves in being lovers, not of the women you objectify, but of truth. In trusting that there is true truth to be found, we can examine our beliefs with great candour, exchanging them if necessary, for a better, more truer one, in journey to find that truth. It is completely all right to be wrong, but not foolish.

Before we tear apart our communities through our increasing inward gaze, destroying relationships between father and son, mother and daughter, ruler and subject, teacher and student, neighbour and neighbour, friend and friend. Stop before we estrange ourselves from all those around us, retarding our progress in the sciences and the arts (I would think these pursuits work best when seeking to benefit a community), furthering the cultural divide between races and creeds, and eventually leading to the destruction of our civilisation.

Do so before Sophia says to us:
"I will laugh when you are in trouble!
I will mock you when trouble overtakes you, 
when calamity overtakes you like a storm,
when disaster engulfs you like a cyclone
and anguish and distress overwhelm you.
For I called so often but you wouldn't come,
I reached out to you, but you paid no attention.
Therefore, eat the bitter fruit of living your own way,
and choke on your schemes."

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Events Love to Stockpile

The past few months have been fairly uneventful. I'm just two weeks into my new term, and also being back in KL. In the past few days, I'm starting to believe that there is a event per time frame quota which states that within an unspecified time frame, if there are no unusual events that happen, they will happen all in one shot. Just like buses - you wait for ever, then four come all at once.

On Tuesday (11th), I signed my tenancy agreements, took them to my uncle for his signature, dropped it off at Plaza Damansara, then intended to head off to a second hand goods exchange store near St Ignatius' Church. I was heading towards the toll in front of Eastin Hotel when my car started rumbling and shaking. As the rumbling got progressively worse, I decided to head back home to get the car checked. The vibration got so bad, it came to a point where I had to stop along the SPRINT highway. After giving my dad a call, I started up the engine, hit the accelerator, only to find that my car wasn't moving. Good thing I kept my mechanic's number and managed to get a tow truck. 


Admittedly, this is my first time having my car towed. I must say, it feels like some IMAX theme park ride. The moment the tow truck arrived, it began to pour, but let up just so I could walk home before raining again. Turns out, a shaft broke - connecting part snapped right off, which explains the pinging noise I heard. 


Stacking up against my schedule would also be the completion of my new place. The landlady had given the place a good coat of paint and fixed the roof. I have been running around all week buying the basic necessities for the house. As of now, the place is pretty empty, and could do with a washing machine and some kitchen cabinets or shelves.The stench of paint still lingers, but I presume that will go in a few days.


I've also managed to put to use some flippant door signs I bought a while back. I hope MPPJ doesn't take these things too seriously and start coming after us for rearing dinosaurs without a license. 


I moved out of my old place with much reluctance on Friday night, after having such nice and loving god-grandparents for so long. However, Saturday morning was the wedding of my god-grandparents' grandnephew. The bride was from France, and so she used my god-grandparents' place as her den while she waited for the groom to redeem her. With at least 50 people swarming at the porch, it was utterly hot and sweaty, but the atmosphere remained festive regardless. This also meant that the weekend would be packed full of wedding events.

That very night itself, I attended the wedding banquet, and then the church wedding the following afternoon. Having already to assist in Kid's Church on Sunday morning and song lead later in the evening, I was definitely sputtered out. The Thai Buddhist ceremony on Monday, and three nights of feasting had to be turned down.

Monday's schedule was not any easier. I had arranged for a hiking trip to Gunung Datuk, since it was a public holiday. Aiming to be back in KL by 1300hrs, I agreed to a Kid's Church meeting at 1500hrs as well. I'll put up a separate post about my hiking trip. Hopefully this week doesn't get any more hectic than it already has been - I need my breather.

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Grace in Our Judiciary System

Two incidents have recently caught my eye. The first is the acquittal of a Malaysian national bowler from statutory rape charges on the account of him having a bright future. The second incident, which happened not too long after, is the similar acquittal of a 22 year old school dropout from statutory rape charges, also on the account of his future. Notably, there are differences in the two cases which have to be noted: in the latter case, the sexual act was consensual between both parties, while in the former, the man pleaded guilty.

However, what I found to be most interesting was not the cases themselves, but rather, the reaction towards these cases where offenders walk free from incarceration; and of all the reactions, the ones which strike me most are responses from Christians.

Many Christians were outraged at the fact that these offenders were allowed to walk off with less than a jail sentence, I myself included. What perversion of justice! How unfair to the victim! What was the judge thinking?! And then I realised something - I, of all people, as a Christian, should refrain from such outrage at the walking of such people. For was I not as they were, guilty? My charge was greater than what they were charged with. I was charged with rebellion against the King of Kings, for insubordination, for mutiny - of which I am deserving of death. I had no 'future' to appeal to, and even if I did, it was far from 'bright', but yet the Judge showed me grace in His mercy, and declared me righteous on the basis of his Son's substitutionary atoning death.

My thought is but this: If as Christians, we were shown such clemency, should we not expect such extra-judicial grace in our shadow of a judiciary system? Should we cry in outrage when one we deem to be guilty is pronounced by the judge to be otherwise? Then should we not cry in outrage at our own salvation? Should we not cry because we were not charged with what we deserved?

However, it is important to note that this picture is but an imperfect allegory of salvation. This is but a pale shadow of what true forgiveness is. True justice still demands for a price to be paid - somebody has to be punished for the crime. The Godhead did what no Earthly judge could do for any prosecuted - tear himself, a being who has been in perfect relationship with each other since eternity, apart to pay himself what the prosecuted could not pay. True justice is not lost in mercy, but instead is met together at the cross where Jesus dangled dying.

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God and the Ancient Chinese?


I title this blogpost after a book quite similar in content to this video which I am about to review. I'm not sure if the book has had any bearing on the production of the video, but I wouldn't be very surprised if it did. The content is very similar - drawing a line of relation between Ancient Chinese history and Christianity, with Chinese characters as proof. The book goes into much more detail and bases its thesis on the interpretation of the word Sinim (Isa49:12) to be China, but I am reviewing the video, so we won't go there.

First, I have to laud the effort put into this attempt to evangelise, for after all, it is our call as Christians to announce the good news.

With a title 'Who are the Chinese?', I was expecting a documentary on perhaps the Chinese diaspora or the history of China. That the video did deliver in the first half. The turning point begins when the video talks about the development of Chinese characters, from bone oracles to the modern day Chinese characters. Craftily introduced at that point is how Chinese characters tells a story which alludes to the Bible storyline. My contentions with the video are mainly at this point.

The video talks about how the Chinese character for boat 船, can be broken down into the characters for boat舟, eight八, and mouth口. This therefore, the video insists, must be a reference to the Biblical account of the Flood, where Noah and his family (eight of them) were saved by God in the Ark. There are several other examples, but my argument is twofold:

  1. This is a fine example of eisegesis, the reading of one's personal ideas into a text, or in this case, a character. As there are no given explanations on the components of the character, any explanation can be provided by anyone. I could give an explanation which has nothing to do with Biblical narrative: 船 is basically a picture of a big boat with 舟being the body of a ship, while the remainder on the left looks like a superstructure of a boat, giving you an image of a houseboat, quite like the ones you see in Hong Kong harbour. My father provides an alternative to my alternative: the word 沿 means a river bank and therefore 船 would simply be a picture of a boat by the bank. You get the point.
  2. There are some cases where the archaic form and the modern form of the character varies too greatly to make such connections. Take for example, the word for flood 洪, which the video puts up as evidence, varies too greatly from it's archaic form seen at 21:06 of the video. To be able to make such conclusions, the breaking down of the character has to be consistently do-able with the archaic form, not just solely with the modern form, since the assumption would be that the archaic form is closer to the Biblical period the video is suggesting.

The baseless claims of the video in regards to connecting the Biblical narrative to Chinese characters is all in all a weak link in the attempts to make the Gospel of Jesus known to the World, because if the credibility of the argument on which the whole evangelistic attempt is built on is shot down, then the evangelistic message goes down with it too.

Towards the end of the video, you have several testimonies on how Jesus had changed their life, how Jesus had saved their business, and how Jesus had made them feel joy. I wouldn't presume to know exactly how these people converted or know them personally, and would therefore not dare question the veracity of their testimonies. However, I would question the content of their testimonies and its effectiveness (independent of the video's first half). There is no mention of how they realised that they had rebelled against God. There was no mention of how the had realised that they were under condemnation for their rebellion. There was no mention of how they had come to believe in Jesus' promise to save them from that judgement, and the forgiveness which comes with it. The core message of Christianity that people should and must hear is absent. Again, I do not question their salvation for only God can speak in regards to that, but as far as effective testimonies go, the ones in the video barely testify to what Paul describes in 1Corinthians 15 as matters of first importance.

To conclude, using a springboard (ie., any issue, like environmental concerns, politics, war, etc.) is good when you want to talk about the Gospel. It makes the transition smoother, and it shows people how the Gospel affects these issues. However, it would help very much to use credible springboards, not ones which break when you step on to it. Give your audience no reason to disregard your message other than the fact that they find the Gospel offensive. Also, when you testify about the Gospel, make sure it is the Gospel truly you are testifying about - take great care to ensure that what you are saying about Christianity is really what the Bible says about Christianity. Then preach it boldly!

Edit (13/7/2012): I just realised you can't find the English version through the search function on Youtube, so for the sake of those who would like to watch the video for yourselves, click here. You can also download the video I mentioned, and five others, it seems from the distributor here.

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Keeping Religion Private


Whoever came up with this does not understand religion. Religion goes beyond mere rituals - it is a system of ideas and beliefs. Ideas and beliefs cannot be contained, it is infectious, it bleeds into everything. Belief warrants action, consciously or unconsciously. It shapes the way you see the world, it it tells you what is right and wrong, it tells you how to treat you neighbours and the world around you. Belief permeates.

Take Christianity for example: not only does Jesus himself call us Christians to tell the world about his saving work (Matt 28:19-20), he also calls us to a change in lifestyle and mindset!

This change in lifestyle and mindset bleeds into our daily living in the world. For example, we believe that God had put us in charge of this Earth to rule it under his authority, and so we take care of the environment as best as we can. We believe that we have equal worth in the eyes of God, and therefore we speak out against and condemn discrimination and other injustices. To take things further, if we believe that we are inherently sinful, then we take steps to keep ourselves accountable to those we serve, whether in private, or in public. If we believe that we had such a great debt forgiven by God, then we can forgive and love those who have wronged us.

Religion, not just Christianity, extends way beyond the boundaries of private life. Quite honestly, if religion was a pen*s, it would be one quite difficult to keep in your pants.


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The Importance of Engaging Culture as a Church

Chinese New Year Mass at the Church of the Holy Family, Kajang.
China, and it is the year 1582. Jesuit missionaries Matteo Ricci and Michele Ruggieri, in an attempt to create a Sino-Christian civilisation which could rival the one back home, were determined to assimilate the local Buddhist/Taoist and Confucian elements into their evangelistic efforts. This would eventually result in the 'Rites Controversy' which would last for a hundred years after Ricci's death. This controversy, though more political in nature than theological, still poses a nagging question to Christians around the world today.

How Should the Church Engage with Our Local Culture? 

Taking a swift glance around, I find that there are two main reactions:
  1. A knee-jerk reaction where the church withdraws from all secular contact into its own sub-culture where things are safer, or
  2. The church goes with the flow, assimilating with culture, convincing itself that it's simply toning down on the culturally offensive parts so that people don't get turned off.
Both these reactions have cost the church too much, yet, it still leaves us with no apparent solution to the issue.

What does the Bible have to Say About how We as Christians Should Engage with the Culture Around Us?

Most of us would be quite relieved to know that the Bible, as much as it has to say about how we should be living life in response to God's grace, it doesn't give you a list of things to follow on what you can do and cannot do, and leave it at that. Instead, what you find is that the Bible provides parameters within which we actually have quite a surprising amount of freedom!

I think Jesus sums up the parameters really nicely when he answers the scribes in Mark 12:28-34.
And one of the scribes came up and heard them disputing with one another, and seeing that he answered them well, asked him, “Which commandment is the most important of all?” 29 Jesus answered, “The most important is, ‘Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one. 30 And you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength.’ 31  The second is this: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ There is no other commandment greater than these.” 32 And the scribe said to him, “You are right, Teacher. You have truly said that he is one, and there is no other besides him. 33 And to love him with all the heart and with all the understanding and with all the strength, and to love one's neighbor as oneself, is much more than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.” 34 And when Jesus saw that he answered wisely, he said to him, “You are not far from the kingdom of God.” And after that no one dared to ask him any more questions. 
As long as you don't cross either of these two parameters, as a Christian, I would believe you would be free to do anything. Yes, it means that you can get that tattoo of your favourite Bible verse, but you may have to defer to you brothers and sisters.

Why do We Have to Defer?

Well, Paul in his letter to the church in Rome, reminded them that although those who realised their freedom in the gospel were right in their understanding that they could eat anything (14:1-2), as compared to those who were still unable to shake free from the shackles of the law, who were called 'weak' (v1), they (the strong) should refrain from eating un-kosher meat, or drinking wine, or to do anything which causes the weak to stumble (v21). In the meantime, the strong are also called to give up our rights, to bear with the weak, and to build them up, not to please ourselves, because of our obligation - to be imitators of Christ (15:1-7). What this does NOT mean, is that we allow them to continue in their current understanding of the gospel, since the nuance of 'building up' indicates an increasing development in understanding.

Going back to our original question, how should the Church engage local culture then?

In light of the parameters the Bible clearly sets out for us, I think it would be safe to conclude that it is definitely not a problem for a church to adapt to the local culture. In fact, I think this would be extremely helpful in making the Gospel accessible to the local people, and it would be a great act of love on the part of the church. You can clearly see evidence of such adaptation even here in Malaysia - services in local languages, Bible translations into local languages; becoming a Christian definitely does not equate to having to lose your ethnic background.

BUT! As much as we are thinking of how we are to be loving our local brothers and sisters, we also must remember to '... love the Lord [y]our God with all your heart and with all [y]our soul and with all [y]our mind and with all [y]our strength.' To ensure that the church is rightly adapting to the local culture without losing its saltiness, the church not only has to understand local culture thoroughly, but even more so, understand scripture itself!


Practical Application

Looking back the the case of assimilating the offering of incense to the ancestors into church practice, let's try put into practice what we've just learnt.

Understanding local culture:
Ancestral veneration is a way for the living to continue showing respect to the dead, reinforcing the unity of family and lineage. This is based on the Confucian concept of 孝 (xiao4), which works on the idea that despite the death of the loved ones, the original relationship remains intact. This concept of course then assumes the notion of life after death, in which two of the three soul components, the 魂 (hun2) and the 魄(po4) need to be nourished through the offerings given, notably during 清明 (qing1ming2) and 鬼月 (gui3yue4) (Thompson, 1979; ReligionFacts, 2005). Although it has to be noted that the Plane Compertum, eventually released by the Holy See in 1939, implies that these rites were no longer considered religious in nature, but civil instead.

Let's not disregard the tradition so quickly, once we've discovered that it has a Confucian background, but rather, try understand where they are coming from, and why it is such a challenge for people from such a background when they become Christians.

Understanding Scripture:
In the context of telling how the manifestation of the Holy Spirit in Christian life would look like, Paul reminds the Ephesian church that children are to obey their parents in the LORD, for it is right, echoing the words of Exodus 20:12 (Eph 6:1-2).
The Bible talks about life after death, ie. the parable of Lazarus and the rich man (Luke 16:19-31), but it also reminds us that that's not the ultimate stop! The powerful imagery in the book of Revelation points towards a life after 'life after death' (Rev 21:1-4), a reality where the curse of Genesis 3 is completely overturned.

Putting Two and Two Together
Confucianism works off a vastly different framework of concepts from Christianity. There are many assumptions which underlie behavioural manifestations, and we cannot be to quick to take things at face value.
Confucianism takes on a concept where the dead are still dependent on the living for support and nourishment, while the Bible is loudly silent in regards to such a relationship. In fact, rather, the Bible stresses the dependency of all existence on the grace of God (Psalms 104)!
Since we believe that the souls of the deceased do not require sustenance from the living, then the act of ancestral veneration is unnecessary, and in fact should have no part in our Christian practices. What truly matters is how we express our cross-motivated love to our parents while they are still with us by honouring them in the LORD.

As a caveat, however, should there be brothers and sisters in your church who come from such backgrounds, please, do remember Romans 14-15, and work with them lovingly and patiently.

Summary
Engaging culture as a church has always been a wisdom issue, and will continue to be. It's the same in regards to the usage of wealth, the kinds of career you want to join, and even the kinds of instruments you want to have in your church band. For the clear cut issues, we have been reminded to proceed with patience and love, for the issues which flop around in the grey area, God has given us ample wisdom accompanied by  the ever perspicuous Scripture to guide us in our decisions, proceed with deliberate caution. All in all, we move away from asking 'what can't a Christian do' to 'how can we best glorify God in what we do'.

References

ReligionFacts. (2005). Ancestor Veneration. Retrieved from www.religionfacts.com/chinese_religion/practices/ancestor_worship.htm.

Thompson, L.G. (1979). Chinese religion: An introduction. 3rd Edition, Belmont: Wadsworth.

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